Wolf, Senior Member, IEEE, in Readings in Hardware/Software Co-Design, 2002 VII CONCLUSIONSĪrchitectural co-synthesis is an important tool for the embedded system designer. A poorly designed car can allow an attacker to install software in the car and take over operation of that car, perhaps even cause the car to drive to a location at which the driver can be assaulted.Īn Architectural Co-Synthesis Algorithm for Distributed, Embedded Computing Systems. Today, the situation is profoundly different-we need safe and secure systems. Similarly, the safety of a traditional mechanical system was not directly related to any information about that system. Unauthorized disclosure of private information may, for example, allow the victim of the breach to be threatened, but a typical credit card database breach does not directly cause safety problems. The typical security breach does not directly endanger anyone's safety. Security is traditionally associated with information technology (IT) systems. But the combination of these two dangers is particularly potent and is a novel aspect of embedded computing and cyber-physical systems. An insecure system may not necessarily present a safety problem. Safety and security are related but distinct concepts. In this case, the hardware design team should add a Flash memory controller, which of course will add some extra hardware and cost to the system. Again, this option is adopted when large non-volatile memory is needed or when the manufacturing costs needed to add Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) to the MCSoC are expensive due to limited available budget. In the same way, system design considerations may make it more desirable to have non-volatile memory reside off-chip. Even if an embedded design only requires a small fraction of the capacity of a DDR memory chip or module, it may still be more economical to pay for the excess capacity because the system price will still be lower.Īdding a DDR memory port to an MCSoC design creates the need for an on-chip DDR memory controller. When embedded system designers need a large amount of RAM storage, then off-chip double-data-rate (DDR) SDRAM is likely to be the good choice. Heterogeneous Computing: An Emerging Paradigm of Embedded Systems DesignĪbderazak Ben Abdallah, in Computational Frameworks, 2017 3.3.3 Off-chip memory

Computer system designer